無(wu)煙(yan)(yan)煤(mei)(mei)濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)許多炭孔通道(dao)，這(zhe)些炭孔有(you)較高的活(huo)性(xing)(xing)，能對氣體，蒸(zheng)汽，液體的水(shui)份具有(you)去除水(shui)中的重金(jin)屬離子效果非常好(hao)，無(wu)煙(yan)(yan)煤(mei)(mei)濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)(liao)根據吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)物(wu)質(zhi)的極(ji)性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)弱來確定，對水(shui)、氧化(hua)物(wu)，醋酸，堿(jian)等具有(you)較強(qiang)(qiang)的親(qin)協力，是(shi)一種水(shui)處理濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的深(shen)度(du)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)劑，也是(shi)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)極(ji)性(xing)(xing)分子的吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)劑、所以無(wu)煙(yan)(yan)煤(mei)(mei)濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)電廠(chang)、煉油廠(chang)的過濾(lv)(lv)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。產品(pin)質(zhi)量高、使(shi)用(yong)方面廣、可生產各種規(gui)格、無(wu)煙(yan)(yan)煤(mei)(mei)濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，電廠(chang)水(shui)處理過濾(lv)(lv)采用(yong)80%含(han)炭量無(wu)煙(yan)(yan)煤(mei)(mei)濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，規(gui)格用(yong)1-2mm合適。無(wu)煙(yan)(yan)煤(mei)(mei)濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)(liao)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)好(hao)、抗腐蝕性(xing)(xing)好(hao)，密度(du)大、機械強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)高、截污能力強(qiang)(qiang)，使(shi)用(yong)周(zhou)期長的特(te)點，是(shi)化(hua)學水(shui)處理的理想材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。
無煙煤(mei)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)已在水處(chu)理(li)(li)方面廣泛應用，并(bing)且在電(dian)廠污(wu)水處(chu)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)效果非(fei)常好(hao)。為什么(me)無煙煤(mei)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)在電(dian)廠污(wu)水處(chu)理(li)(li)效果棒呢。根據我們的(de)水質中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)有(you)(you)污(wu)染元素，比如重金屬(shu)、COD、污(wu)泥(ni)等，這(zhe)些污(wu)物(wu)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)分都不一樣(yang)，想要(yao)(yao)綜(zong)合的(de)治理(li)(li)就要(yao)(yao)選擇(ze)多種濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。水處(chu)理(li)(li)無煙煤(mei)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)、石(shi)英砂濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)墊層(ceng)(ceng)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)，污(wu)水先經過(guo)(guo)的(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由無煙煤(mei)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)層(ceng)(ceng)，將(jiang)水中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)懸浮物(wu)質、膠體(ti)等污(wu)物(wu)截留在濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)層(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)再(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)下一個層(ceng)(ceng)次的(de)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。如果污(wu)泥(ni)含(han)量太多，就要(yao)(yao)先進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)污(wu)泥(ni)沉淀后(hou)再(zai)經過(guo)(guo)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)設(she)(she)備進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。現在很多行(xing)(xing)(xing)業對污(wu)水進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)預處(chu)理(li)(li)都選擇(ze)墊層(ceng)(ceng)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)使用，那么(me)才能達到(dao)好(hao)的(de)效果呢？其(qi)實這(zhe)些都是(shi)(shi)(shi)可以(yi)經過(guo)(guo)科學算出來(lai)的(de)。石(shi)英砂濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)、無煙煤(mei)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)有(you)(you)生產(chan)才會有(you)(you)污(wu)水排(pai)出，就需要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)出來(lai)排(pai)放或(huo)者(zhe)循環使用。首先要(yao)(yao)知(zhi)道每天的(de)排(pai)污(wu)量是(shi)(shi)(shi)多少(shao)，然(ran)后(hou)要(yao)(yao)購買過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)設(she)(she)備，過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)設(she)(she)備的(de)大小也是(shi)(shi)(shi)根據排(pai)污(wu)量選擇(ze)的(de)，后(hou)者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無煙煤(mei)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)和其(qi)它水處(chu)理(li)(li)的(de)選擇(ze)和裝填。
反沖洗(xi)(xi)(xi)時，濾層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)膨(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)后所(suo)增(zeng)加的(de)(de)高度與膨(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)前高度之比，無煙(yan)煤(mei)濾料(liao)(liao)稱濾層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)膨(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)率，在(zai)一定的(de)(de)總膨(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)率下(xia)，上層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)小(xiao)粒徑和(he)下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)大粒徑濾料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)膨(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)率相(xiang)差(cha)其甚(shen)大。由于上層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)細濾料(liao)(liao)截留(liu)污物較多，因(yin)此反沖洗(xi)(xi)(xi)時應盡(jin)量滿足上層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)濾料(liao)(liao)對膨(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)，即總膨(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)率不(bu)宜過大，但為了兼顧下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)精無煙(yan)煤(mei)濾料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)效(xiao)(xiao)果，必(bi)須使(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)大顆粒的(de)(de)濾料(liao)(liao)達到(dao)小(xiao)流化程(cheng)度，即剛開始膨(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)程(cheng)度。生(sheng)產(chan)實踐(jian)表明(ming)，一般(ban)單層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)石(shi)英砂濾料(liao)(liao)膨(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)率采用45%左(zuo)(zuo)右，無煙(yan)煤(mei)石(shi)英砂雙層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)濾料(liao)(liao)選(xuan)用50%左(zuo)(zuo)右，三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)濾料(liao)(liao)取(qu)55%左(zuo)(zuo)右，可取(qu)得良好(hao)的(de)(de)反洗(xi)(xi)(xi)效(xiao)(xiao)果。
反(fan)(fan)沖(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)時(shi)，單位(wei)時(shi)間、單位(wei)過濾(lv)面積(ji)上(shang)反(fan)(fan)沖(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)水量，稱(cheng)反(fan)(fan)沖(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)強(qiang)度(du)，簡稱(cheng)反(fan)(fan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)強(qiang)度(du)，以(yi)Ｌ/(m2.s)計(ji)。以(yi)流速量表示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)沖(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)強(qiang)度(du)，稱(cheng)反(fan)(fan)沖(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)流速，以(yi)（cm/s）計(ji)。必須控制(zhi)合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)濾(lv)層膨脹的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)強(qiang)度(du)，才能獲得良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)效(xiao)果(guo)。當然(ran)反(fan)(fan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)強(qiang)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)與濾(lv)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)密度(du)也有(you)關，濾(lv)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)密度(du)越大(da)，則(ze)需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)強(qiang)度(du)越大(da)。例(li)如：石英砂濾(lv)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)強(qiang)度(du)一般為(wei)12-15L(cm2.s)m，而(er)密度(du)較小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)煙煤濾(lv)料為(wei)10-12L(cm2.s).
當(dang)反(fan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)強(qiang)度或(huo)膨(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)率(lv)(lv)(lv)符合(he)要求，但反(fan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)時(shi)間不足時(shi)，也(ye)不能充分(fen)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)凈(jing)包裹在(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)污(wu)泥，同時(shi)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)下(xia)來的(de)(de)(de)污(wu)物也(ye)因排除不盡而導致(zhi)污(wu)泥重(zhong)返濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)層(ceng)(ceng)。長(chang)此下(xia)去，濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)層(ceng)(ceng)表(biao)面將形成泥膜。因此，必須確保一定的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)時(shi)間。實際生產中(zhong)，沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)強(qiang)度、濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)層(ceng)(ceng)膨(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)率(lv)(lv)(lv)和沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)時(shi)間根據(ju)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)不同沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)強(qiang)度、膨(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)率(lv)(lv)(lv)和沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)時(shi)間。目前普遍認(ren)為，無論是(shi)水反(fan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)或(huo)氣、水聯(lian)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，無煙煤濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)截(jie)留在(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)層(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)污(wu)，主要是(shi)在(zai)水流(liu)剪切(qie)力(li)和濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)顆(ke)粒(li)(li)間碰撞(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)摩(mo)擦雙重(zhong)作用下(xia)，從濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)表(biao)面脫落下(xia)來，然后被沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)水帶出過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)裝(zhuang)置。剪切(qie)力(li)與沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)流(liu)速和濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)層(ceng)(ceng)膨(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)率(lv)(lv)(lv)有(you)關，沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)流(liu)速過小，濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)層(ceng)(ceng)孔隙中(zhong)水流(liu)剪切(qie)力(li)小，沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)流(liu)速過大(da)(da)，濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)層(ceng)(ceng)膨(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)率(lv)(lv)(lv)過大(da)(da)，濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)層(ceng)(ceng)孔隙中(zhong)水流(liu)剪切(qie)力(li)也(ye)會(hui)降低。另外，反(fan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)時(shi)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)顆(ke)粒(li)(li)間相(xiang)互碰撞(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)摩(mo)擦幾(ji)率(lv)(lv)(lv)也(ye)與濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)層(ceng)(ceng)膨(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)率(lv)(lv)(lv)有(you)關，膨(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)率(lv)(lv)(lv)過大(da)(da)，由于濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)顆(ke)粒(li)(li)過于離散，碰撞(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)摩(mo)擦機率(lv)(lv)(lv)會(hui)減少(shao)，膨(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)率(lv)(lv)(lv)過小，水流(liu)紊動強(qiang)度過小，同樣(yang)也(ye)會(hui)導致(zhi)碰撞(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)摩(mo)擦機率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)降。因此，應(ying)控制(zhi)合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)層(ceng)(ceng)膨(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)，確保有(you)足夠大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)水流(liu)剪切(qie)力(li)和濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)顆(ke)粒(li)(li)間的(de)(de)(de)碰撞(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)摩(mo)擦幾(ji)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，從而獲得良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)效果(guo)。
